If the language has a third term, it will be red. Languages with only two terms will have black and white (or dark and light). In the first line of research, Berlin and Kay (1969) studied the distribution of color terms cross-linguistically and discovered an orderly pattern with which languages employ from two to eleven basic color terms (see also Kay & McDaniel, 1978). However, two lines of research proved quite powerful in creating the opinion that the color domain provides a strong instance of “cultural universalism and linguistic insignificance” ( Brown, 1976, p. Researchers set out with the initial hypothesis that differences in the quantity of color labels would bring about differences in episodic memory for those colors (e.g., Brown & Lenneberg, 1954 Lenneberg & Roberts, 1956 Stefflre, Vales, & Morley, 1966). 213): Color is a prototypical continuous dimension divided up in different ways across languages. Whorf had suggested that language users “dissect nature along the lines laid down by native languages” (1956, p. When researchers first turned their attention to the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, memory for color was considered to be an ideal domain for study (see Brown, 1976). Banaji, in Thinking and Problem Solving, 1994 A Color Memory Current trends likely to characterize future research are briefly characterized. The contemporary period has seen a rapid improvement in the quality of some of these efforts. The research is divided into structure-centered, domain-centered, and behavior-centered types, depending on their manner of approaching the problem.
Recent efforts to remedy this are described. Despite widespread interest, quality empirical research has been in short supply. Whorf's basic argument about analogical influences is outlined in some detail. This is followed by a description of the work of Sapir and Whorf which departs markedly from this earlier tradition and has been influential in the contemporary period, hence the association of their names with the issue. The long history of the hypothesis is sketched with an emphasis on the hierarchical formulations characteristic of most early efforts.
Linguistic relativity is distinguished both from simple linguistic diversity and from strict linguistic determinism. Linguistic relativity stands in close relation to semiotic-level concerns with the general relation of language and thought, and to discourse-level concerns with how patterns of language use in cultural context can affect thought. The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, also known as the linguistic relativity hypothesis, refers to the proposal that the particular language one speaks influences the way one thinks about reality. Lucy, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001
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